Data Science Meets Science Teaching

The use of large, open-source data sets is ubiquitous in scientific research. Scientists--ranging from meteorologists to chemists to epidemiologists--are researching and investigating critical questions using data that they have not themselves collected. To contribute to the growing effort to bring data science into classrooms, the authors have been implementing the NSF-funded "Data Clubs" project to examine using data sets on topics such as ticks and Lyme disease, COVID-19, and sports and leisure injuries. Much of this work takes place with youth in out-of-school settings. In addition to developing modules for youth, the authors worked with a group of 18 high school science and computer science teachers from Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts who participated in a virtual 15-hour workshop series on data science education over the summer of 2020. The goal of the workshop was to introduce teachers to real and complex data sets, models for scaffolding learning, and tools for working with those data sets. In this article the authors share some of the key findings from this effort.

The Promise and Challenges of Pandemic Innovation in High Schools

In summer 2020, the Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), with support from the Barr Foundation, began observing and learning from students, parents, and educators in New England high schools as they navigated the uncertainty of the pandemic. The authors wanted to see what challenges and opportunities they faced, the ways in which they adapted to disruptions, and the new strategies and capacities that took hold. After more than a year of disruption, the boundaries of what it means to "reinvent" high school stretched, and in some systems, the momentum for change accelerated. Students and teachers learned to work in new ways and reached new understandings about each other. When COVID wanes, schools will encounter a host of new and complex demands as they make sense of the pandemic's challenges and opportunities, including addressing unfinished learning, spending a tidal wave of federal funding, and navigating continued calls for racial and social justice amid a national culture war. The path forward raises a host of critical questions: (1) Will school systems leverage momentum from the pandemic to remake high school? If so, what adaptations and innovations will they embrace? And which students will benefit from these shifts?, (2) How do school system leaders, educators, families, and students redefine success in high school? To what extent and how are these aspirations reflected in the adaptations and innovations that school systems embrace?, and (3) What opportunities and obstacles do school system leaders, educators, families, and students confront as they seek to chart a new course to high school? How can they avoid the pitfalls that threaten to stall progress, especially for the most marginalized students? As the pandemic endures, and as we emerge from it, CRPE will continue to investigate whether and how the trends described lead to a more equitable, student-centered high school experience. In this effort, Think Forward New England explores not only what shifts emerge postpandemic but also why, for whom, and with what effect.

Survey of State Laws Governing Fees Associated With Late Payment of Rent

The information used in developing this survey was obtained through an exhaustive review of each state's relevant statute and court rules, as well as a thorough review of appellate court opinions interpreting a relevant statute or providing guidance in the absence of statutory directive. In most instances, tenants are provided the lease on a take-it-or-leave-it basis with no opportunity to negotiate any of its terms, including provisions related to late fees.1 States that impose late fee maximums vary greatly on the amount and form of the limitation. In most of these states, the reasonableness requirement is established by courts rather than through legislation. * Arizona: For residential tenancies, it is implied within its eviction statutes that late fees must be reasonable. * California: Must be reasonably related to costs the landlord faces as a result of rent being late. * Connecticut: Fees must bear a reasonable relationship to the actual damage that the landlord sustains, and the court may void if excessive. * Illinois: Must be a reasonable forecast of damage caused by the breach. * Kentucky: Must be reasonable;$20 or 20 percent of the rental fee for each month is deemed reasonable. * Ohio: Must be reasonable in proportion to the rental rate and have a rational basis supporting the imposition of the charge. * Oklahoma: Must be reasonably related to actual costs incurred. * Pennsylvania: Late fees must be reasonable. * Texas: Must be reasonable;presumed reasonable if not more than 12 percent of the amount of rent for a dwelling located in a structure that contains no more than four units or 10 percent for a structure that contains more than four units. * Vermont: Late fee allowed if reasonably related to costs incurred. * Washington: Presumably must be reasonable. * West Virginia: Presumably must be reasonable. Most of these moratoriums were expired as of the date of the initial publication of this survey. * California: Renters who have submitted a declaration of COVID-19-related financial distress cannot be charged a late fee for the late payment of rental payments (no expiration date). * Colorado: Executive order prohibited landlords and lenders from charging late fees for any rent incurred between May 1, 2020, and April 27, 2021, due to the pandemic (expired). * Connecticut: Executive order 7X granted tenants an automatic 60-day grace period for April 2020 rent and made a 60-day grace period for May 2020 rent available upon request.

Dr. Lucinda Maine: Twenty Years of Supporting Scholarship and the Advancement of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

During her time as Executive Vice President and CEO of AACP, the Journal has made major advances thanks in large partto Dr. Maine's enthusiastic, compassionate, and visionary leadership. [...]of Dr. Maine's passion for advancing pharmacy education globally, the Journal appointed its first international associate editor in 2008. In the last 20 years, her contributions included topics ranging from Medicare and prescription coverage to the importance of science in schools and colleges of pharmacy, to lessons learned about the power of collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic, to pharmacists' roles and responsibilities in confronting systemic racism.3-7 The past and current AJPE editors, associate editors, editorial board members, authors, and reviewers have all benefited from Dr. Maine's commitment to ensure the continued success of the Journal.

A Rights-Based Approach to Youth Inclusion in Public Health Policy

YOUTHS' RIGHT TO HEALTH-AFFIRMING SOCIAL CONTEXTS People are embedded within neighborhoods, communities, political atmospheres, and economic systems;these contexts determine living conditions such as access to quality education, employment with living wages, adequate and appropriate health care, affordable healthy food and physical recreation, and community support. Yet youths have inherent rights to health, enumerated by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.2 Among these are the rights to "the highest attainable standard of health" (Article 24), and to "a standard of living adequate for the child's physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development" (Article 27). SOCIETY'S NEED FOR POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT Aligned with the social determinants of health framework, which situates individuals' health outcomes within social contexts, PYD regards human development as a product of youths' internal assets functioning in tandem with their environmental resources and supports.4 As a strengths-based perspective, PYD maintains that all youths have internal and external assets that make their individual development and their contributions to society unique.5 Aligned with the UN Convention on the Rights ofthe Child, PYD insists that society is responsible for fostering environments where youths have the resources they need to thrive and, importantly, for involving youths as partners in shaping their world, as contribution is both a means and an end to PYD.5 Although favorable environmental contexts are essential for positive development, Yeager identifies four internal drives that help youths develop through adolescence5: (1) to stand out: o develop a personal identity;(2) to fit in: to develop a sense of connectedness;(3) to measure up: to develop competence and find ways to achieve;and (4) to take hold: to make commitments to particular goals, activities, and beliefs. "10 In response, Maine's Department of Health and Human Services announced the establishment of the Office of Population Health Equity (OPHE) within the Maine Center for Disease Control (MCDC) to collaborate within and beyond the MCDC to achieve health justice.11 The MCDC prioritizes youth participation through its funding to the Maine Youth Action Network (MYAN), which is composed of community-based, PYDguided programs that engage youths on issues of public health education, research, and policy.

Two-Spirits' Response to COVID-19: Survey Findings in Atlantic Canada Identify Priorities and Developing Practices

The Wabanaki Two-Spirit Alliance, a regional Two-Spirit organization, administered an online survey in May of 2020 to identify priorities and concerns of Two-Spirit individuals and Indigenous 2SLGBTQQIA+ people in Atlantic Canada during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The respondents (n = 149) shared health concerns including deterioration(s) of mental health (56.32%). They described mental health supports (68.42%), health supports for Two-Spirit individuals (57.89%), healing gatherings (46.05%) and trans-specific supports (44.74%) as interventions in fostering Two-Spirit health. The Alliance's immediate response was to develop community-led responses to address urgent concerns. Our key promising practice has been hosting Two-Spirit gatherings as community-based health/cultural supports;the gatherings also serve as an opportunity for the Alliance to consult the Two-Spirit community about priorities and concerns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alliance explored ways to keep the TwoSpirit community united by maintaining social support(s). We designed a survey that provided essential feedback, resulting in the Alliance shifting priorities toward developing methods of bringing Two-Spirit people together safely by virtual means;seeking sustainable resources to address emerging health concerns;and increasing the Alliance's capacity development.

Hermeneutic Imagination: Drawing Out Freud

Natalija Subotincic drinks from the well of Surrealism, in her case suffused with in-depth drawing research into Sigmund Freud's consulting room and study and the precise placement of objects within them. This has led her to draw with objects in space as she constructs her own ‘museum’ cabinet of curiosities. Emeritus Professor of Architectural History and Theory Alberto Pérez-Gómez takes us on a fascinating journey of discovery through her world. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

P093 Assessment of Interactive Virtual Teaching Approaches Implemented by Maine SNAP-Ed in Response to the Pandemic

To examine a variety of virtual teaching modalities implemented by Maine SNAP-Ed Nutrition Educators and to establish promising practices. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the abrupt transition from in-person to virtual delivery of SNAP-Ed classes, yet efficacy of online interventions is not well established in the literature. Evaluation of virtual interventions adopted during the pandemic is needed to identify best practices. Maine SNAP-Ed Nutrition Educators, administrators, and partners. As the COVID-19 pandemic continued to present barriers to in-person teaching in FFY 2021, virtual teaching continued to be of high interest to Maine SNAP-Ed. The Maine SNAP-Ed implementing agency, the University of New England (UNE), supported Nutrition Educators in adapting their lessons for a virtual environment. Nutrition Educators coordinated with community partners to schedule virtual lessons and used a variety of approaches and technologies to adapt existing curricula and materials. Altarum, the external evaluator for Maine SNAP-Ed, conducted a process evaluation to understand the effectiveness of virtually teaching SNAP-Ed classes, capture how SNAP-Ed participants and partners have responded to virtual teaching, and identify promising practices and lessons learned from virtual teaching. Evaluation activities included key informant interviews with Nutrition Educators (n = 19) and SNAP-Ed partners and teachers (n = 7) involved with the virtual classes. The transition from in-person to virtual SNAP-Ed classes required significant adaptability and creativity among Nutrition Educators. The evaluation identified several benefits and drawbacks to delivering virtual classes, which may impact effectiveness with different audiences. Implications of this evaluation suggest that SNAP-Ed agencies can successfully deliver nutrition education through a hybrid approach that considers which lesson components are best delivered virtually or in-person as well as the needs of the partner organizations and participants. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Education

Aspects of ICT connectivity among older adults living in rural subsidized housing: reassessing the digital divide

Purpose>This article examines aspects of information communication technology (ICT) connectivity among the understudied population of low-income older adults living in rural and peri-urban subsidized housing. We aim to investigate if variations exist in access and connectivity when economic and housing conditions are constant and use data from northern New England.Design/methodology/approach>The multidisciplinary, mixed-methods approach involved administering structured surveys using iPads with senior residents (n = 91) from five housing sites, qualitative observations by field researchers and an ecological assessment of ICT resources at housing, community and state levels.Findings>All subsidized housing sites were broadband accessible and nearby libraries. Fewer sites had Wi-Fi freely available to residents, and individual residents disparately accessed the Internet. Age and education demonstrably influenced ICT use of social media and email. Technology in the form of iPads used for surveys posed functional challenges for some older adults, but these technology-mediated interactions were also perceived as important sites of sociability.Originality/value>Older adults disparately access and use ICT relative to socioeconomic status even as housing conditions remain constant, and access and use influences frequency of social connections with friends and family. The findings reveal factors that contribute to the existing digital divide facing older adults and broader lack of digital equity.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Northeast and Appalachian Loggers.

OBJECTIVE: The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety conducted a survey in December 2020 to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Androscoggin Mill explosion among loggers in six states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. METHODS: Logger mailing addresses were aggregated with the assistance of state logging organizations. A paper survey, including a self-addressed return envelope was mailed to the loggers in December 2020. RESULTS: The mailed survey had a response rate of 13.3% and captured data on 484 loggers. The majority knew someone (including themselves) who tested positive for COVID-19 (71.9%). Less than half (43%) received employer training about COVID-19 prevention measures, though 73% received some form of COVID-19 personal protective equipment from their employers. The health department, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and health care providers were the most trusted sources of health information. Nearly half acknowledged significant change in their home lives and work responsibilities due to the pandemic. The explosion of the Androscoggin Mill affected the business of 80% of Maine loggers, and 18% of loggers that resided outside Maine. CONCLUSION: The lessons learned can be used to enhance trust in public health institutions and future public health response to this unique occupational group.

Effects of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Neonatal Discharge Planning and Care: Exacerbation of Racial and Ethnic Healthcare Disparities

Background. SARS-CoV-2 has exacerbated healthcare disparities. Maine's population of 1.3 million is comprised of only 6% Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC);however, statewide 18% of SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred in this group. This study examines newborn care inequities for infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2. Methods. This study was conducted at Maine Medical Center in Portland, the largest hospital in Maine. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 15, 2020 through April 1, 2021 were identified by PCR near time of delivery. Cases were matched to uninfected women by date of delivery. Chart review was conducted assessing demographic and clinical characteristics, comparing SARS-CoV-2 exposed and unexposed infants. The subset of SARS-CoV-2 exposed infants was further analyzed for trends in care by race. Protocol was exempt by MaineHealth IRB. Results. Twenty four women and their infants were identified with maternal positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR just prior to delivery. An additional 24 unexposed infants were enrolled. When compared to unexposed infants, SARS-CoV-2 exposed were more likely to be racial minorities (63% vs 21%, p = 0.003), to have foreign-born mothers (58% vs 0.4%, p< 0.05) or to receive health care in a language other than English (29% vs 0.4%, p =0.02). For infants born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, only 29% had initial follow up visit in person with their primary care provider (13% of BIPOC infants vs 56% of non-BIPOC infants, p = 0.03). Time to in-person follow up for exposed infants varied by race, with median time of 21 days (range 2-53 days) for racial minorities and 7.5 days (range 2-30 days) for non minorities. All families were discharged with a thermometer and scale for home management. No infants required re-admission during the month after discharge. One exposed infant tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends evaluation of newborns 3-5 days after discharge to identify maternal and child health factors affecting newborn well-being. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made this challenging for patients, particularly for racial minorities. BIPOC pediatric patients were disproportionately affected by the pandemic in Maine, and were disproportionately affected by care discrepancies even when the infant was uninfected.

Effects of the COVID-related stay-at-home order on hospitality sales and automobile traffic counts

This paper examines the effects of the COVID-related Stay-at-Home order on hospitality sales and automobile traffic counts in the State of Maine, USA. Empirical results show that the Stay-at-Home order did not impact either measure of state economic activity. Instead, households adjusted their behavior as a result of COVID-19 in advance of the Stay-at-Home order. These results are similar to those found in other states, where Stay-at-Home orders did not impact hospitality sales. This is an important public policy issue given the large health and economic impacts of the pandemic, and widespread use of Stay-at-Home orders. Even beyond the COVID pandemic, however, the extent to which people respond to government restrictions is important for policy development and implementation. © 2021, Oviedo University Press. All rights reserved.

Bridging the Gap: A Picture of State Transportation Funding in the United States

For years, states have struggled with chronic gaps between transportation revenues and investment needs due to aging infrastructure, cost inflation, and declining motor fuel tax revenue. States have confronted constrained resources in the face of changing demographics and growing demand and have, as a result, developed a wide array of approaches to providing transportation funding and financing options including state fuel taxes, vehicle fees, sales taxes, and tolls. Shifts in the makeup of state highway program revenue sources over the past several years reflect changing dynamics: bond revenue and state revenue have increased while highway user fees and federal investments have declined. Here, Howard discusses how states are advancing revenue measures and options for the future.

A Summer 2020 Update: Maine Politics in a Time of COVID-19 and Uncertainty 1

This was supposed to be a happy birthday year in Maine. The Pine Tree State was due for one of those big, round number birthdays that everyone likes to celebrate, as it turned 200. There was a special flag created, a new USPS stamp commemorating Maine's bicentennial, and lots of celebratory events. But nobody had counted on what has dominated 2020 throughout the US: the COVID-19 pandemic. And just like many birthday parties, games, concerts and graduations, COVID-19, and the need for physical distancing it produced, led to the cancellation or postponement of most Bicentennial events. Not only that, but reactions to COVID-19 became the biggest theme in Maine politics in the first half of 2020. The novel coronavirus also had the effect of delaying Maine's spring primary, which had been scheduled for June, until July. Concerns over poll worker staffing--many people who normally serve in that role are older people or others among high risk categories for COVID19--and voter safety--led the state to the decision.

Automotive Autonomy: Considerations for Planning and Zoning Authorities in Transitioning to a Driverless World

II.Current State of AV Legislation A. Federal Legislation The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is responsible for setting Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) for the equipment in motor vehicles, enforcing compliance with FMVSS, recalling defective parts that do not comply with FMVSS, educating the public on safety concerns dealing with motor vehicles, and issuing guidelines for vehicle equipment manufacturers to follow.7 The NHTSA notes that while manufacturers begin to produce driving equipment that in essence performs driving functions, the federal government's role of setting FMVSS for equipment will ultimately transform into licensing a non-human operator.8 In September of 2017, the NHTSA published nonbinding guidance for state actors to consider when discussing AV implementation, the "Automated Driving Systems: a vision for safety 2.0"9 This guidance was updated in 2018,10 and, most recently, on January 8, 2020.11 The guidance outlines specific issues for states to consider when planning for AV implementation as well as the procedures for when they do so.12 The guidelines strongly urge the states to give full authority to the US DOT to regulate the performance of AVs as well as the technology contained within them.13 B. State Legislation While the federal government is in charge of regulating motor vehicles and the equipment used in their production, the states are ultimately left to regulate their drivers.14 Specifically, states issue licenses, enact and enforce traffic laws, conduct safety inspections, and regulate motor vehicle insurance.15 As of January 2018, twenty-nine states, and the District of Columbia, have passed legislation directly dealing with AVs.16 Florida is leading the way in state regulation. In addition to the states that have passed legislation directly dealing with AVs, ten states have enacted executive orders addressing AV technology and implementation,25 and Illinois has done both.26 In 2015, Arizona Governor Doug Ducey signed an executive order in which he mandated that all agencies of the state, with "pertinent regulatory jurisdiction," support the testing of AVs, enabled pilot programs on select university campuses that would allow AVs to be tested and developed, and established the Self-Driving Vehicle Oversight Committee.27 Governor Ducey updated the 2015 executive order in 2018.28 In 2016, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker signed an executive order creating a committee with the job of collaborating with AV experts and state legislature to promote the testing of AVs,29 and, in 2017, Delaware Governor John Carney signed an executive order creating an advisory committee that was given the job of researching and recommending strategies that could be implemented to best prepare the state for AVs.30 The Delaware executive order specifically mandates that the advisory committee consider, at minimum, economic development, technology concerns, transportation network infrastructure, and safety.31 Several other state governors followed suit in 2017. Hawaii Governor David Ige signed an executive order creating an AV administrative director in his office whose job it was to support companies looking to test their AV technology. 32 The order also directs the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the Hawaii Department of Business and Economic Development and Tourism to take all necessary steps to work with these companies.33 Washington Governor Jay Inslee signed an executive order focusing on AV testing, technology development, and the creation of the Autonomous Vehicle Work Group. 34 The order assigns various state agencies to take charge in supporting the testing and operation of AVs in the state.35 Among many other tasks, the order gave the work group the mission of examining AV technology in relation to freight, aviation, and other possible applications.36 The same year, Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker signed an executive order creating the Governor's Steering Committee on Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Testing and Deployment.37 Much like the other committees created by the other executive orders from different states, this committee's mission is to advise the governor's office on the best course of action to take regarding AVs.38 In 2018, several more states began to focus attention on AVs. "39 Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner signed an executive order directing the Illinois Department of Transportation to head the "Autonomous Illinois" Initiative.40 The initiative's purpose was to promote the testing and development of AVs and related infrastructure.41 The order also created the Autonomous Illinois Testing Program.42 The program was put in place to oversee AV testing on public roads and use the data to make policy suggestions.43 Maine Governor Paul LePage signed an executive order that established the Maine Highly Automated Vehicles Advisory Committee.44 The Maine order went further than other states, outlining a procedure of how the committee could go about running a pilot program in the state.45 By executive order, Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton created the Governor's Advisory Council on Connected and Automated Vehicles.46 The Council is tasked with recommending changes to state law in

A Place to Call Home: More Institutions Are Moving Forward with Developing Student Housing

Community college students are more likely to be low-income, people of color and first generation in their family to attend higher education than their four-year peers. For a combination of these reasons, they are more apt to be housing insecure. This article discusses how some community colleges are providing new solutions for residences for students.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater at Residential College, Maine, USA, August-November 2020.

We used wastewater surveillance to identify 2 coronavirus disease outbreaks at a college in Maine, USA. Cumulative increases of >1 log10 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in consecutive 24-hour composite samples preceded the outbreaks. For 76% of cases, RNA was identified in grab samples from residence halls <7 days before case discovery.